• Hebrew for "exile." The scattering of the Jewish people from the land of Israel — first by Assyria and Babylon, later by Rome. Also called the Diaspora (Greek for "scattering"). The prophets promise a final regathering.
  • Any non-Jewish person. Also can refer to a stranger or foreigner.
  • Hebrew for "sojourner," "stranger," or "resident alien." A non-Israelite living among Israel, entitled to justice, compassion, and inclusion in the covenant community. Yahweh repeatedly commands His people to love the ger. (Exodus 22:21; Leviticus 19:34)
  • Hebrew plural for "nations" (singular: goy). Often translated "Gentiles" — referring to the nations outside Israel. In Scripture it can simply mean "nations" including Israel itself in some contexts. (Genesis 12:2)